Date: October 4, 2014

Highway In Iceland May Be Sidetracked By Elves




npr.org

Here's a sentence we didn't expect to read today:
"Elf advocates have joined forces with environmentalists to urge the Icelandic Road and Coastal Commission and local authorities to abandon a highway project building a direct route from the Alftanes peninsula, where the president has a home, to the Reykjavik suburb of Gardabaer."
According to The Associated Press, "they fear disturbing elf habitat and claim the area is particularly important because it contains an elf church."
As All Things Considered reported back in 2007, elves are a big part of Icelandic culture. They reportedly make their homes in crags and rocks. We're not necessarily talking little guys like Hermey from that TV classic Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Some of the 13 types of elves in Iceland are "as tall as humans," Slate says. They also aren't likely to be as glamorous as Arwen, from Lord of the Rings. According to Slate, Iceland's elves are said to "often dress in old-timey, 19th-century outfits like homemade-looking ankle-length skirts."
Terry Gunnell, a folklorist at the University of Iceland, told the show that elves help Icelanders make sense of nature.
"Icelanders' houses can be knocked down by a force they can't see in the form of an earthquake," he said. "You look up at the sky, you've got the Northern Lights there. The wind can knock you off your feet. The wind can take shapes in the snow. So things can manifest themselves."
In 2006 and 2007, Gunnell directed a survey of 1,000 Icelanders.

According to Iceland Review:
"Only 13 percent of participants in the study said it is impossible that elves exist, 19 percent found it unlikely, 37 percent said elves possibly exist, 17 percent found their existence likely and eight percent definite. Five percent did not have an opinion on the existence of elves."
Those who believe they've encountered elves take things very seriously. Last year, The Reykjavik Grapevine reported that:
"Member of Parliament Árni Johnsen recently arranged for the transportation of a 50 tonne boulder from the Hellisheiði mountain pass to his backyard in Vestmannaeyjar — a more ideal environment Árni says, for the family of elves who inhabit it. Yes, a set of grandparents, a couple of parents and three children, who stand no more than 80 centimetres tall, have reportedly joined the 4,000 people who live on the small island off the south coast of Iceland.
"Árni says he became acquainted with these particular elves after a high-speed crash in 2010, wherein his car torpedoed 40 metres off the highway, destroying the vehicle, but leaving him unscathed. '[The elves] told me that they wanted to be in the grass,' Árni says. 'Now they have windows looking toward the sea and the island, and some sheep as neighbours. Everything is under control.' "
So it's probably not too surprising that concern over the possible effect on "Huldufolk" (hidden folk) is one of the issues raised in a legal challenge to the proposed highway. According to the AP:
"The project has been halted until the Supreme Court of Iceland rules on a case brought by a group known as Friends of Lava, who cite both the environmental and the cultural impact — including the impact on elves — of the road project."
Ragnhildur Jonsdottir, a self-proclaimed seer who says she can communicate with the elves, tells the AP it would be a "terrible loss and damaging both for the elf world and for us humans" if the road is built.
Another seer, though, thinks it's possible that the elves could be talked into moving their church out of the road's way. But Erla Stefánsdóttir also tells Iceland's Visir newssite that "they love this place." The local elves, trolls and fairies, she says, need to be consulted.
Another option might be to just wait. The AP says the elf issue is brought up so often that "the road and coastal administration has come up with a stock media response for elf inquiries, which states that 'issues have been settled by delaying the construction project at a certain point while the elves living there have supposedly moved on.' "

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10 Bonkers Things About the Universe ~ By Marcus Chown

A simply beautiful image taken by the Hubble space telescope Click to zoom

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Undersea Mysteries Mapped by Satellite Gravity Sensors



A submersible descends into a volcanic vent off Las Gemelas seamount.
Satellites have recently discovered thousands of new seamounts, like the one above being explored by a submersible.
Photograph by Brian Skerry, National Geographic Creative
Dan Vergano

National Geographic

Space missions reveal hidden hills and buried rifts in the ocean depths.

Ancient rifts hide under seafloor sediments along with thousands of uncharted underwater mountains, satellite images revealed on Thursday.

Most of the world's deep ocean remains poorly charted, as the fruitless search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 in the Indian Ocean earlier this year showed. The new satellite images released by the journal Science map undersea features as small as three miles across (five kilometers) for the first time.

The satellites mapped much of the world's oceans, including the Gulf of Mexico, South China Sea, and South Atlantic.

"The only way to see ocean floor topography quickly and comprehensively is from space," says study lead author David Sandwell of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. "Ships would take another 200 years to do this mapping, at present rates." (Read "Mountains in the Sea" in National Geographic magazine.)

Instead, the study found the hidden geography using two spacecraft, the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 and NASA's Jason-1, both oceanography satellites that were designed to track sea-level changes.

Newly released globe art showing detailed satellite-generated  floor of Indian Ocean.
A triple seam meets where three crustal plates clash beneath the Indian Ocean.
source: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Newly released globe art showing detailed satellite-generated  floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
Satellite measurements reveal hidden hills and furrows under the South Atlantic.
source: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Deep Gravity
To map the seafloor, the satellites detect ripples and dips in the ocean's surface. Ridges and seamounts, or undersea mountains, are massive enough to exert a gravitational pull that makes sea levels drop by as much as 3.9 inches (10 centimeters) above the feature.

Fractures and rifts in the seafloor, in contrast, elevate sea surface levels due to a reduced gravitational attraction above their depths.

Stitching together the pattern of these sea-level deviations, the study authors detected geological features that were hiding underneath the soft layers of sand and sediment coating the seafloor. The finds include —Several thousand seamounts roughly 0.6 to 1.2 miles (1 to 2 kilometers) high, previously unknown.

—Subsea ridges jutting at a southward angle from South America and Africa—the latter some 500 miles (800 kilometers) long and 62 miles (100 kilometers) wide—once joined but severed more than 83 million years ago by a spreading South Atlantic.

—An "extinct" ocean ridge stretching under the Gulf of Mexico where ocean crust once spread apart when it was tectonically active.

The maps are "a breakthrough in space-based marine gravity observation," say oceanography experts Cheinway Hwang of National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan and Emmy Chang of National Taiwan University, in a commentary accompanying the study.

Tour of a Seamount graphic
William E. Mcnulty; Theodore A. Sick­ley. Art: Stefan Fichtel. Sources: 2010 Census of Marine Life; Karen Stocks, Scripps; Christopher Kelley, HURL; University of Hawaii

Map Quest
About 80 percent of the world's ocean area has not been mapped using depth soundings from ships, the study notes. The seafloor features, and depths, revealed by the study serve as a starting point for remedying the problem, Sandwell says.

The results should aid geologists looking for undersea mineral resources and help to explain how deep-sea currents flow across the seafloor.

The CryoSat-2 satellite will continue to take sea surface readings from its 250-mile-high orbit (400 kilometers) for the next few years. With more data, the gravity maps could be refined to reveal hundreds of thousands of previously unknown seamounts less than 3,300 feet (1 kilometer) high dotting the ocean floor.

The one thing the maps won't do is reveal the location of missing airplanes, Sandwell says. "Of course we looked when the [Malaysia Airlines] plane crashed," he adds. But given the resolution of the gravity maps, "we think the gravity model will be very helpful for reconnaissance maps on future searches."

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